First Day Jitters Picture Book About Starting School

First Day Jitters is an excellent book for an elementary school student (or first-time teacher) who is apprehensive about starting school. This humorous picture book was written by Julie Danneberg. Artist Judy Love created the comic and colorful illustrations in ink and watercolors. This is a funny book, with a surprise ending that will cause the reader to laugh out loud and then go back and read the entire story again. Kids starting middle school also find First Day Jitters amusing. A Story With a Twist Its the first day of school and Sarah Jane Hartwell does not want to get ready because she will be going to a new school. In fact, Sarah doesnt even want to get out of bed. When Mr. Hartwell tells her its time to get ready for school, she says, Im not going. Sarah complains that she hates her new school, I dont know anybody, and it will be hard, and...I just hate it, thats all. After much discussion, and no help from the familys feuding dog and cat, Sarah gets ready for school. By the time, Mr. Hartwell drops her off at school, she is terrified, but the principal greets her at the car and walks Sarah to her classroom. It is only on the last page  when Sarah is introduced to the class that the reader discovers that Sarah is not a student but the new teacher! The Author and Illustrator Author Julie Danneberg and illustrator Judy Love have continued the story of new teacher Sarah Jane Hartwell in the picture books First Year Letters (2003), Last Day Blues (2006), The Big Test (2011) and Field-Trip Fiasco (2015). First Day Jitters is also available in a Spanish edition Que Nervios! El Primer Dia de Escuela Julie Danneberg is a graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder. She is a middle school teacher and the author of picture books for younger children and nonfiction for older children. Her other picture books include: ​​Monet Paints a Day, Cowboy Slim and Family Reminders. Her nonfiction books for middle-grade readers include: Women Writers of the West: Five Chroniclers of the Frontier, Women Artists of the West: Five Portraits in Creativity and Courage and Amidst the Gold Dust: Women Who Forged the West. In addition to illustrating Julie Danneberg’s books about Judy Love, a graduate of Rhode Island School of Design, has illustrated childrens picture books for a number of other authors. The books include: Can I Bring My Pterodactyl to School, Ms. Johnson?, Can I Bring Woolly to the Library, Ms. Reeder?, Prickly Rose and I’d Choose You! (Sources: Julie Danneberg, Charlesbridge: Judy Love, Charlesbridge: Julie Danneberg) My Recommendation I recommend First Day Jitters for children ages 4 to 8. I have found that children get a kick out of the surprise ending and also find it reassuring to know that they are not alone in being apprehensive about the first day of school. I have also discovered that the book appeals to kids making the transition from elementary to middle school because of the humorous situation it portrays. First Day Jitters also makes a good gift for new teachers. Teachers who want to share the book with their class will be pleased to find that the publisher has provided a First Day Jitters Discussion Activity Guide to download. (Charlesbridge, 2000. ISBN: 9781580890540) More Recommended Books About Starting School See my article Best Children’s Books About Starting School for an annotated list of 15 good books about starting school, including books about starting kindergarten or preschool, going from kindergarten to first grade and changing schools.   For kids going to kindergarten who want details on what school is like, see my article Childrens Books About the First 100 Days of School.

Essay on Good Will Hunting - 969 Words

The movie Good Will Hunting exploits many points of psychology in the character Will Hunting, a janitor at MIT who has a knack for math. Some of the points of psychology include how a character develops after a lot of child abuse during his childhood. It exploits the idea that a child who becomes secluded may never allow an attachment, or when an attachment finally starts to occur, pushes them away. It also exploits the idea that Will Hunting has Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Because of the post-traumatic stress disorder it seems that Will is unable to function normally in society, and because of this, carefully plans out his future as to not have to worry about encountering many people. The stress that Will Hunting endured in†¦show more content†¦One such defense mechanism he uses is lying about himself and his history. When Skylar asks about meeting his large assortment of brothers and staying at his house, he agrees that he would let her meet his non-existent bro thers, and that he would let her stay at his house some time to meet his family. Little did she know that he actually was an orphan with no siblings, and that his house was a run-down shack that he stayed in, and that he had never planned on her actually visiting his house or meeting his friends. Will Hunting also uses the defense mechanism of being extremely smart and by reading people and exploiting their weaknesses to shift their focus away from him. This would be a characteristic of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder avoidance state, where he is dealing with it throughout the movie, which causes him to stay withdrawn from people and society (NCBI). Will uses manipulation to change the subjects and focus’ of others from himself. He is also sarcastic when he talks. Such examples include the several psychologists who he visited before he found Sean. He would read their books before he met with them to decipher the way they worked. Then, when he worked with the psychologists, he would exploit their weakness and what they were uncomfortable with and push it right into their faces. He would also use sarcasm to make a point that he thought all of these psychologist meetings were useless to him and pointless. Finally, Will Hunting usesShow MoreRelatedThe Movie, Good Will Hunting Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie, Good Will Hunting (1997), is about a young twenty-year-old man named Will Hunting. Will Hunting lives in a rather impoverished area in South Boston and is a young janitor who typically drinks with his friends in his free time, however, Will is actually an indiscreet self-taught genius. During the first week of classes at MIT, Will solves a difficult graduate-level math problem that one of the math professors left an extremely difficult problem on the board to challenge his students, inRead More Good Will Hunting Essay985 Words   |  4 Pages A studious young man, an open book these two images swirl around the screen in a kaleidoscope effect, this was the introductory scene of quot;Good Will Hunting.quot; This scene is followed by Ben Afflick, knocking on Wills door, when Will comes out a credit rolls by that says, quot;screenplay written by Ben Afflick and Matt Damon,quot; just as the two walk side by side. This shows how perfectly the makers of this movie have everything timed, down to the credits. Also, the timing shows whenRead MoreEssay on Good Will Hunting2845 Words   |  12 PagesThis paper will discuss the relationship between Will Hunting and the psychologist Sean Mcguire in the movie Good Will Hunting. The struggles that occur between these main characters will be analyzed and their meanings found. A basic outline of the movie will be included to give the larger picture and its influence upon the two men. An Analysis of the Movie Good Will Hunting and the Main Characters Will Hunting and Sean Mcguire Outline: 1. Description of the Movie a. Setting of the movie Read MoreMovie Analysis : Good Will Hunting 1553 Words   |  7 PagesTrevor Burkhead Professor Nyfeler EN 211 22 February 2017 Analytical Essay on the Movie â€Å"Good Will Hunting† I have watched a considerable number of movies this semester so it was hard to choose which one to analyze. It came down to â€Å"Remember the Titans† or â€Å"Good Will Hunting†. However, the movie that I will be analyzing is â€Å"Good Will Hunting†. The reason I chose this movie is that it can be analyzed in many different ways. I will be analyzing different scenes of the movie and analyze them fromRead MoreGood Will Hunting Reflection Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesfilm Good Will Hunting, the characters experience many emotions that impact their interpersonal relationships and communicative interactions. Taking into consideration that each character grew up with a different lifestyle, their interpersonal relationships and communicative interactions are affected in their continuing years. The film allows us to see different personalities in each character and how their emotions affect how they communicate. Characters in the movie Good WillRead MoreMovie Review : Good Will Hunting 914 Words   |  4 PagesThe film I chose to write about is one that I only saw a few months ago, which is â€Å"Good Will Hunting†. I have heard lots of people and critics praise this movie over the years, and after watching it I see why. It’s a very gripping story about a college aged janitor who grew up in broken foster homes, but has a genius level intellect and is wicked smaht. The protagonist of the movie is Will Hunting, he is a classic underachiever. The juxtaposition of his intellectual prowess and life circumstancesRead MoreGood Will Hunting And Sean Mcguire Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Disclosure: Finding the Good in Will Hunting’s Self-Concept The focus of this study will revolve around the relationship between Will Hunting and Sean McGuire, characters in the critically acclaimed film Good Will Hunting (See Appendix for a summary). In researching the film and different perspectives of interpersonal communication there could be many arguments made to social classification, how one associates and assumes roles within their particular group such as language, perception,Read MorePersonal Statement : Good Will Hunting850 Words   |  4 Pagesanother. This paper will discuss two of many interpersonal communication concepts. The two concepts are other-oriented and impersonal communication. Also these concepts will be explained and examples will be given from the movie Good Will Hunting. To start off with, Good Will Hunting is a story about an intelligent young man who struggles with finding his identity. Will the main character is an orphan who was abused as a child, and now as a young adult can’t seem to stay out of trouble. He is able to solveRead MoreMovie Analysis : Good Will Hunting1952 Words   |  8 Pagesgreat film, Good Will Hunting offers a great basis for which linguistic studies regarding dialect can be done. The film offers a great contrast in characters from â€Å"Southie† to prestigious high-class individuals. While there is a noticeable difference in the dialect used, the focus is primarily on stereotypes between the lower and upper-class individuals. Language and dialects help to reinforce the stereotypes regarding socio-economic classes. The division of dialect in Good Will Hunting reflects theRead MoreEssay on Analysis of the Film Good Will Hunting766 Words   |  4 PagesGood Will Hunting The movie Good Will Hunting shows a dramatic relationship between a teacher and student and also relationships between fellow teachers. The film helps you grow with the characters in order to anticipate and acknowledge the ways in which they interact with one another. It also incorporated the way that egos develop and arise due to relationships and how they can interact with the daily lives of people.

A Comparative Study of “The History Boys,” and “3 Idiots” free essay sample

The education system has influenced our attitude in the reality life. In fact, school life occupies a large amount in our life, so that there is a huge affectation to our daily life. Besides, there are two resources to support my point of view which is comparing the movie and the book that I choice to study their meaning reflect to reality life by using â€Å"The History Boys† and â€Å"3 Idiots†. Both of the theme are talking about the school life and the education system which is bored and conservatism. In the following part, different theme as well as action and thought will be illustrated with Marxism as the theoretical framework. First of all, the education isn’t expect the student`s increase their knowledge anymore, but only study for examination. The goal of student to study suppose for enhance knowledge in order to face their own future, but the education system are invisibly forcing them only study for the score that gain in examination. The definition of the â€Å"words† is used to express the meaning to the student. However, the model answer of the exam which is exactly the definition, so that the students can only mindless cramming the definition without understand and use it in the reality life. Besides, it can also prove that student by forcing to ignore the process of study, but only care on the result. Learning wasn’t expecting the personal knowledge but in order to our personal needs. According to the â€Å"3 Idiots†, â€Å"there is one scene in the classroom, the professor is teaching his student of what is the meaning of â€Å"Machine† and he is going to ask someone to answer him. In that moment, one of the main character called â€Å"Rancho† answer him in a simple language, but the professor dissatisfied his answer, it is just because â€Å"Rancho† not answering the definition tough by him and he said that student should remember all the textbook definition for the examination more important than learn it in our daily life experience. † ( Rajkumar Hiran, 2009, 23:06-25:25). In the other side according to the â€Å"The History Boys†, there are two teachers teaching the boys in different method. One of the teachers called â€Å"Irwin†, he teaching the boys should be remember the definition of the textbook and backwards thinking in order to handle their exam. After the boys discuss what they had learned from the book, Irwin said their answers were first class and he has said â€Å"Bristol welcomes you with open arms. Manchester longs to have you. You can walk into Leeds†. (Alan Bennett, 2004, p. 24) We can see that Irwin prefers his student follow this study method to going the top university. The part that we mention before which is the action of the characterization. The professor of the â€Å"3 Idiots† and â€Å"Irwin† both are the same class character that is the teacher and they are advocating their student to remember the textbook definition only. However, the target will only set in the university. It can prove that the education system is usually using this teaching method to teach, if we don’t change back to the original study pattern. When we finish our school life, we are a machine that can remember all the textbook definition only. In addition, student`s study in different way will gain the life principles or values differently. Some of them are studying mindless cramming to the definition of the textbook; they even don’t know the meaning of the words. Besides, some of the student would not only study the textbook, they are willing to study outside even study in the experience that they been through. According to the â€Å"3 Idiots†, â€Å"there are one of the main characters called â€Å"chatur†, he is the introductory speaker at the teacher day, the librarian are going to write the speech for him to memorize it. Also, the librarian ready to explain the meaning of the words that he don’t understand as well, but he said that he is prefer to mindless cramming the speech, since that he has measure in the first one of the examination result by using this study method, so that he said there are no need to know the meaning of those word. † (Rajkumar Hiran, 2009, 1:00:00-1:04:10). In the other side according to â€Å"The History Boys†, one of teachers called â€Å"Hector†, â€Å"he is using the way that not normally to teach his student that is using drama or song as a part of teaching. Moreover, they will also speak with each other by using French and acting the drama in the class. Hector wants to the boys can learn the poem meaning when they acting in the poem situation. † (Alan Bennett, 2004, pp. 12-14) The part that we mention before which is the thought of the characterization. â€Å"chatur† and the boys both are the character as the student. The different between them that is â€Å"chatur† is using the mindless cramming to remember the textbook knowledge without the meaning. That is only for short memory; it is not enhance your knowledge for your reality experience. Furthermore, there are effective methods to study that are using the special way. Performing the drama in the class in order to study the poem in your own situation when you are acting the character of the poem, so that you might be can explore another meaning of the poem without only reading. The last but not less, traditional education are forcing the students accept the tradition thought. The hidden rules of the school is a kind of the reflect to the reality world. The life of school must be occupied in a large of amount, so that student lifestyle must e affect by the education system. There is one of the examples of the hidden rules in the school. According to the â€Å"3 Idiots†, â€Å"the three main characters has graduate and they are going to take the graduation photos, but the headmaster has set the student should be seat according to their rank. Besides, Rachor wondering the grading system is similar with the caste system or the slaves system. † (Rajkumar Hiran, 2009, pp. 1:23:35-1:24:44). In the other side according to â€Å"The History Boys†, â€Å"there are a girl that see Hector has do some indecent movement to his student, Headmaster has noticed that Hector is a Homosexual and he is going to punish Hector which is bring his retire forwardly and arrange his class sharing with Irwin. † (Alan Bennett, 2004, pp. 51-52). The part that we mention before which is the action of the characterization. Two of the characters are the headmasters. It has brought the idea to the student that seating according to their rank reflects that your ability in the society will certificate your level in a group. The student might be think that there is in a must of things are setting as a grading system, so that is a misunderstanding. Furthermore, Headmaster has a bad reaction when he noticed Hector is a homosexual who is reflect the society does not accept the homosexual. The student might be avoiding the topic to be discussed and if they are one of them, they are not willing to admit it. So that they are forcing to follow the hidden rule of the school since that they are have not the other choice. In the summary, the education system affects the student to ignore the process but focus on the result only. In fact, using the special way like Hector class which is acting the characters of the poem in class are more effectiveness to the student to absorb the knowledge instead of mindless cramming the definition of the textbook. Those will only for the short memory it. The reaction of the teacher or the behavior also an important reflection to the society also, since the school life occupy our life a large amount, when the student has gradated and going to work in the society, they will follow the style on how they survive in the school. Lastly, school is the affective place for all of us, the education system which is the core of it, so that it is an important element on how a person grow up in a what type of person.

Waxing a snowboard Essay Example For Students

Waxing a snowboard Essay There several ways to go about waxing a snowboard. Firs you have to determine whatconditions you will be riding in. Then you will have to choose a wax. Say you are going to Vail andthe snow condition are. well lets just say the temp.. of the snow is about 20*. Well the thing youneed to do is find a low temp. wax. The way you determine a low temp. wax from a high temp. wax isby the rating.. Low temp. waxes will be in a range from -20* to about 25*. A high temp. wax will bein a range from about 25* to 40*. There are waxes made for higher conditiond above 45* that areused in conditions that are referred to as, summer conditions. The wax that is used in summerconditions is a harder wax that will protect your board from sand, dust, and ice crystals. If you are riding in low temp. conditions with a high temp wax your performance will not bethat good. If the conditions are going to go back and forth in temp. you should wax your board witha low temp. wax or you can use a wax that can be used in all temps. We will write a custom essay on Waxing a snowboard specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 1. Select wax or waxes for correct snow temperature and condition. 2. Use in a well-ventilated area or with a respirator. (Only if you are hot waxing)3. Heat iron below the smoking iron temperature. 4. Melt the smallest end of the wax on the iron and drip all over the snowboard. 6. Let wax completely dry then scrape with a plastic or metal scraper. IF YOU ARE DOING A RUB ON WAS YOU WILL NEED TO FALLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS1. Select wax or waxes for correct snow temperature and condition2. Grasp wax firmly so that it is flat on the base of the board. 3. Put a thick coat of wax on the board to start with. 4. Scrape wax with a plastic or metal scraper. 5. Then apply a thin coat and buff with a buffing pad. If you you fallow these simple instructions you will have a successful experience waxing your boardBibliography:I wrote it my self

Quests and Questions

Quests and Questions Quests and Questions Quests and Questions By Mark Nichol Many words with the letters que or qui stem from the Latin verb quaerere, which means â€Å"ask† or â€Å"seek,† and therefore pertain to questions and quests. This post lists and discusses such words. Quest was originally synonymous with inquest (literally, â€Å"search in†), which refers to a legal investigation, but the former word came to apply generally to any search or mission. Now, quest is often associated with chivalric adventures or related journeys in fantasy literature. (Bequest, referring to an act of providing for someone in a will, is the noun form of bequeath and is unrelated.) Question originally referred to a problem of philosophy or theology but later, by association, pertained to anything intended to prompt an answer or a discussion and came to serve as a verb as well. An act of interrogation is a questioning, someone who questions is a questioner, and an act of a dubious nature (which would prompt observers to question the actor’s morals or motives) is questionable. Query is synonymous with question as both a noun and a verb. Querent, likewise, is a synonym for questioner but usually in the context of someone who seeks astrological insight; it is rare. To inquire is to ask, and an act of asking is an inquiry; the latter word is also synonymous with inquest. (The variations enquire and enquiry are associated with British English but are sometimes used by writers in the United States.) Inquisition has the stronger sense of an interrogation; the adjectival form inquisitive implies mere curiosity, but it usually has the connotation of excessive interest. An investigation may also be referred to as a disquisition, although this term may alternatively refer to a long speech. Request also means â€Å"ask† as well as â€Å"something asked,† and originally was synonymous with the related verb require, but the latter term came to refer to asking something with the expectation that it must be answered; this imperative sense is matched in the noun form requirement. Something requisite is required in the sense of â€Å"necessary,† and a requisition is an instance of asking for something considered essential. The noun and adjective prerequisite, which literally means â€Å"required beforehand,† is not to be confused with perquisite (â€Å"thing sought†), which is often abbreviated to perk in the sense of â€Å"benefits of employment or membership.† Terms that may not appear to be related but are include the verb acquire (â€Å"earn† or â€Å"gain,† from the sense â€Å"seek to obtain†) and its adjectival forms acquired and acquisitive and noun form acquisition, the verb conquer (â€Å"search for†) and its noun form conquest (and the English and Spanish actor nouns conqueror and conquistador), and the adjective exquisite (literally, â€Å"carefully sought†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†Excited ABOUT, not "for" Parataxis and Hypotaxis

How Bills Become Laws in the US Congress

How Bills Become Laws in the US Congress Article I, Section 1 of the United States Constitution grants all legislative- bill making- powers to the U.S. Congress, made up of a Senate and a House of Representatives. In addition to its legislative powers, the Senate has the power to â€Å"advise and consent† in matters of treaties negotiated with foreign nations and nominations to non-elected federal offices made by the President of the United States. Congress also has the legislative power to amend the Constitution, declare war, and to approve all matters concerning the federal government’s expenditures and operating budget. Finally, under the Necessary and Proper and Commerce Clauses of Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress exercises powers not explicitly enumerated elsewhere in the Constitution. Under these so-called â€Å"implied powers,† Congress is allowed, â€Å"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by th is Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.† Through these constitutionally-granted powers, Congress considers thousands of bills each session. Yet, only a small percentage of them will ever reach the top of the presidents desk for final approval or ​veto. Along their way to the White House, bills traverse a maze of committees and subcommittees, debates, and amendments in both chambers of Congress. The following is a simple explanation of the process required for a bill to become a law. For a complete explanation, see... How Our Laws Are Made (Library of Congress) Revised and Updated by Charles W. Johnson, Parliamentarian, United States House of Representatives. Step 1: Introduction Only a member of Congress (House or Senate) can introduce the bill for consideration. The Representative or Senator who introduces the bill becomes its sponsor. Other legislators who support the bill or work on its preparation can ask to be listed as co-sponsors. Important bills usually have several co-sponsors. Four basic types of legislation, all commonly referred to as bills or measures are considered by Congress: Bills, Simple Resolutions, Joint Resolutions, and Concurrent Resolutions. A bill or resolution has officially been introduced when it has been assigned a number (H.R. # for House Bills or S. # for Senate Bills) and printed in the Congressional Record by the Government Printing Office. Step 2: Committee Consideration All bills and resolutions are referred to one or more House or Senate committees according to their specific rules. Step 3: Committee Action The committee considers the bill in detail. For example, the powerful House Ways and Means Committee and Senate Appropriations Committee will consider a bills potential impact on the Federal Budget. If the committee approves the bill, it moves on in the legislative process. Committees reject bills by simply not acting on them. Bills that fail to get committee action are said to have died in committee, as many do. Step 4: Subcommittee Review The committee sends some bills to a subcommittee for further study and public hearings. Just about anyone can present testimony at these hearings. Government officials, industry experts, the public, anyone with an interest in the bill can give testimony either in person or in writing. Notice of these hearings, as well as instructions for presenting testimony, is officially published in the Federal Register. Step 5: Mark Up If the subcommittee decides to report (recommend) a bill back to the full committee for approval, they may first make changes and amendments to it. This process is called Mark Up. If the subcommittee votes not to report a bill to the full committee, the bill dies right there. Step 6: Committee Action Reporting a Bill The full committee now reviews the deliberations and recommendations of the subcommittee. The committee may now conduct further review, hold more public hearings, or simply vote on the report from the subcommittee. If the bill is to go forward, the full committee prepares and votes on its final recommendations to the House or Senate. Once a bill has successfully passed this stage it is said to have been ordered reported or simply reported. Step 7: Publication of Committee Report Once a bill has been reported (See Step 6:) a report about the bill is written and published. The report will include the purpose of the bill, its impact on existing laws, budgetary considerations, and any new taxes or tax increases that will be required by the bill. The report also typically contains transcripts from public hearings on the bill, as well as the opinions of the committee for and against the proposed bill. Step 8: Floor Action Legislative Calendar The bill will now be placed on the legislative calendar of the House or Senate and scheduled (in chronological order) for floor action or debate before the full membership. The House has several legislative calendars. The Speaker of the House and House Majority Leader decide the order in which reported bills will be debated. The Senate, having only 100 members and considering fewer bills, has only one legislative calendar. Step 9: Debate Debate for and against the bill proceeds before the full House and Senate according to strict rules of consideration and debate. Step 10: Voting Once debate has ended and any amendments to the bill have been approved, the full membership will vote for or against the bill. Methods of voting allow for a voice vote or a roll-call vote. Step 11: Bill Referred to Other Chamber Bills approved by one chamber of Congress (House or Senate) are now sent to the other chamber where they will follow pretty much the same track of committee to debate to vote. The other chamber may approve, reject, ignore, or amend the bill. Step 12: Conference Committee If the second chamber to consider a bill changes it significantly, a conference committee made up of members of both chambers will be formed. The conference committee works to reconcile differences between the Senate and House versions of the bill. If the committee cannot agree, the bill simply dies. If the committee does agree on a compromise version of the bill, they prepare a report detailing the changes they have proposed. Both the House and Senate must approve the report of the conference committee or the bill will be sent back to them for further work. Step 13: Final Action - Enrollment Once both the House and Senate have approved the bill in identical form, it becomes Enrolled and sent to the President of the United States. The President may sign the bill into law. The President can also take no action on the bill for ten days while Congress is in session and the bill will automatically become law. If the President is opposed to the bill, he can veto it. If he takes no action on the bill for ten days after Congress has adjourned their second session, the bill dies. This action is called a pocket veto. Step 14: Overriding the Veto Congress can attempt to override a presidential veto of a bill and force it into law, but doing so requires a 2/3 vote by a quorum of members in both the House and Senate.  Under Article I, Section 7 of the U.S. Constitution, overriding a presidential veto requires both the House and Senate to approve the override measure by two-thirds,​ a  supermajority vote of the members present. Assuming that all 100 members of the Senate and all 435 members of the House are present for the vote, the override measure would need 67 votes in the Senate and 218 votes in the House.

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 93

Journal - Essay Example His demise was so painful that whenever I think of him I shed tears. 3. Death of my idol. I am the biggest fan of Michael Jackson. His music is both entertaining and inspirational to me. His death was one of the biggest shocks for me. It took me several days to accept that he had passed on. I was very depressed. I felt like I had lost a part of me. 4. The strange kid in school. There was this quiet girl that was surrounded by mystery and creepiness. Apart from wearing dark clothes, she was also a loner and enjoyed moody songs. One day she collapsed in class and was rushed to hospital. We later discovered she had deep cuts on her thighs and hands. At first we thought it was a case of parental abuse. However, bizarre knives and other sharp objects were confiscated from her room. 5. A fish and a coin. I love fishing. One day, my father and I went fishing during the holidays. Basically, it is always my father who catches fish. However, on this particular afternoon, none of us was successful. As the evening approached, I felt my fishing rod shake. I pulled it instantly and shockingly, a fish bigger than the palm of my hand was writhing and begging for mercy beside me. The shock in my father’s eyes was priceless. As we opened the fish, guess what we found- A $25 cent

Theories to Todays Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theories to Todays Organizations - Essay Example Nowadays, business organizations look at the employee in a different perspective by seeing him not just as a mere resource used in production but a strategic partner for the attainment of the various organizational goals. Thus, companies have made the leap in motivating employees through the use of positive reinforcement, non-monetary benefits, highly-conducive working environment, rewarding career, and programs which further boost their strengths and competencies. Dell, Inc. has been regarded as one of the best organizations to work for in terms the motivational techniques that it put in place to ensure company-wide efficiency. It should be noted that Dell practices employee empowerment in order to communicate its trust and confidence in the workforce. In contrast to the typical assembly line, Dell builds productive and cohesive work teams in the manufacture of its various products. The company also conducts regular training and workshops in order to further the strengths and competencies of its human resource. This effort shows the company's concern in the growth and development of its employees as well as its way of ensuring that its workforce which will help the organization further its thrust for profitability and operational success.

Meaning of life, Life Essay Example for Free

Meaning of life, Life Essay Suffering is an inevitable part of life. We all live in this big labyrinth of suffering. Th only way out of the labyrinth is death. † To live is to suffer, to survive to find meaning in the suffering. Few peopl e actually commit suicide to liberate themselves form suffering. Most people find meaning or purpo se for their life so that they have the motivation to live on. Some think that suffering make them wis er, some think that suffering is a test of faith, there will be rewards for them in the after life if they c an endure the suffering on earth. Some people couldnt understand but keep going on with their life for their loved ones. Some people keep themselves busy to dodge from the question. My view on this question is that suffering does not make life any more or any less meaningful. Beca use as an atheist, I believe that there is no God, the Universe does not have a divine plan for us. Tha t the existence of life is just purely a miraculous accident. When we die, we stop existing. The time we spend on Earth will not amount to anything in an afterlife in another dimension. Therefore, life i s inherently meaningless, with or without pain and suffering. Human are powerless in the face of m eaninglessness . The only way we can deal with life is to embrace the fact that there is no intrinsic va lue in life. We can only create our own meanings. One can create meaning of life with or without su ffering. But since suffering is an inseparable part of our life, it more or less give us insights on mean ing of life. Dr. Bernard Rieux can best exemplifies my point of view. When the plague got out of control and O ran was placed under quarantine, it didn’t stop the doctor form battling the plague, fighting the war t hat was doomed to fail. At this point, many would wonder what is meaning of of the doctor’s action s when they are all in vain. The answer can be found in a dialogue he shared with Tarrou. Tarrou asked the doctor why he was so committed to fighting the plague if he does not believe in G od. The doctor replied that whether or not God exist is irrelevant and he didn’t have the time to thin k about what waits him in the future and what will come out of his actions. The only thing he knew that there were sick people suffering and they needed to be cured. Even though he admitted that his struggles against death would only be temporary victories and that the plague was what he referred as an†endless struggle†, he said that this was not the reason to give up struggle. From the dialogue, we can see the doctor was aware of the intrinsic meaninglessness of his life, bec ause he said he wouldnt waste time to think about the existence of God and what his action will lea d to him. If he deemed his life has inherent meaning, he should have thought about the above questi ons. Thought he considered that his life is inherently meaningless, the plague gave me the meaning. The meaning lies in the other people. The doctor was fully aware that his attempts at lifting people out of misery is an impossible task as more and more people became infected and die. And there were no effective cure. Basically, his sitti ng around and doing nothing or wearing himself off to save the patients might just possibly lead to s ame outcome. However, the doctor did not stop his work in face of his powerlessness to alter the situation. Becaus e under this situation, he was left with only two choices, ignore it or act on it. There was no third op tion. The doctor chose the later one because he couldnt bear to see people suffer and doing nothing about it. It’s meaningless to battle the unwindable battle against the plague. It was not defeating the plague that gave meaning to the doctor. It was the people gave him meaning. It was his compassion for others that keep him going in times of suffering. From the case of Dr. Rieux and his battle against the plague, we can see similarities in the real worl d. The plague is like the amoral universe, and Dr. Rieux represents all the human beings. We are po werless in face of the meaningless of life, just as Dr. Rieux was powerless in face of the plague. But we do have a choice, we can create meanings for ourselves just as Dr. Rieux has learnt from sufferin g and found meanings in helping people. Winston Smith from 1974 1984 somewhat share some similarities with Dr. Rieux in terms of action upon the unchangeable, though he was not such a noble and heroic person as Dr. Rieux. In his case, the unchangeable was the Big Brother. Winston Smith lived in a state where every moves, every wo rds ands every thoughts he made were monitored by the Party. In the instance of living in an extrem e state where even having disloyal thought against the party is in violation of law. The meaning of li fe for Smith was not to start a revolution and topple the party, and change the system entirely. Thou gh Smith had thought about it and desired it to happen. Deep down he believed that it was impossibl e to achieve the goal and sooner or later he would be arrested by the Party. Nevertheless, he set out t o challenge the limits of the Party. He kept a diary which has† Down with the Big Brother† written o n it over and over again. He had an forbidden affair with Julia. Also he joined the Brotherhood whic h he believe is the enemy of the Party. I think the meaning for Smith did not lie in being the hero. What was important for him was to stay as human as possible. Through the rebellious acts against the Party in his own ways, he got to keep his spirit and his human side. That was the meaning he could find for himself. Despite the fact that he was completely compromised at last when he was brought into Room 101, where he was tortured to an extreme degree and indoctrinated to cure his â€Å"insaneness†. He was com pletely broke and dehumanised. His passionate hatred towards the Big Brother turned into absolute l oyalty and love. He should not be blamed for betraying Julia and not upholding what he believed in the first place in such extreme conditions. After all, he did try to rebel against the Big Brother even t hough deep down he knew he couldn’t do anything to overthrow the Big Brother. Dr. Rieux and Winston Smith resolved the question of meaning through their rebellious acts against the plague and the Big Brother. There are people who find suffering itself reveals the meaning of lif e. Father Paneloux is a good example to illustrate this point of view. In his first sermon addressing t he plague. He said that the plague was a punishment by God. That it was the result of the sin of all c itizens. He criticised the people for not attending church and repenting for their sins. Therefore the p lague was reminder of God’s power and the Oran residents should start to change their habits and st art to fear God again. Unlike Dr. Rieux, who is an atheist, Father Paneloux based his life and work on his christian faith. F rom a Christian point of view, everything happens on earth has purpose and fit into the grand plan o f God. Therefore, it was his job to make sense of the suffering of the plague so that he and the peopl e listening to him will be able to endure and continue to believe in God. From his interpretation of s uffering, the meaning of life for Father Panels was more easily understood than Dr. Rieux and Winst on Smith. The meaning of life was really simple, that is to serve and honour God in his will. Though he changes his view on suffering drastically after witnessing the death of an innocent child. He did not view suffering as a punishment anymore. He said that the reason why a innocent child sh ould suffer was not something that human would necessarily understand no matter how hard they tri ed. They just had to keep in mind that it was God’s will. One must keep his faith and God and find t he good in bad situation. In spite of a changing tone, the meaning for Father Paneloux remained the same- to serve God. To conclude, life itself is inherently meaningless. Not even religion can provide an universal answer to the meaning of life. There are no answers for that and never will be. Suffering does not make one’ s life meaningful. But through suffering one might find meanings in life and live a meaningful life. Wu Ngai Ching, Ivy 20189319 Grade: 21/25 ? 19/25 (due to 2-day late submission) Comments: ?Ivy – In terms of the main thesis of the essay, you’ve done a good job delineating your own atheist view on the meaning of life and drew 3 examples from the 2 works to discuss what m ight be the meaning of life for them. Your argumentation is quite right and your analysis of e ach of their reaciton and thoughts on this difficult question is right on. ?However, you simply â€Å"narrated† through the whole essay without really giving detailed or c oncrete evidences from the book. I wish you could provide some passages or quotes from se veral particular moments in the book to clearly illustrate your point. This is one of the ways t o demonstrate that you’ve actually done the reading, and that is also what we’ve been doing in class – making your point across by providing specific passages/instances in the book as c oncrete evidence. So please remember to do so for your final paper!

United Nations Human Development Report and the Need for International

United Nations Human Development Report and the Need for International Democratization The 2002 United Nations Human Development Report (UNHDR) is the result of many years’ study of international human progress and development. As declared in the first page of the report, "[This report] is about how political power and institutions, formal and informal, national and international, shape human progress". This statement outlines the principal theme of power dynamics and fragmentation (politics) on varying levels, public and private, rich and poor, male and female, etc. - that runs consistently throughout the work, analyzing global trends of political participation and democracy. According to the UNHDR, human development is politically determined, not only socially and economically so as represented in many studies. The Report operates under the basic assumption that the current world is more free and more just than ever before, but that democracy (including structures of political participation, economic justice, health and education, and peace and personal security) is necessary to improve human development and to protect the freedom and dignity of all people. Although the Report is outwardly concerned with all democratic countries, industrialized or not, it is most significant to developing democracies where necessary reforms in human development have not yet been realized. As expressed by lead author, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, this year’s Report emphasizes the growing divisions between "those who prosper... and those who do not... between the powerful and the powerless, between those who welcome the new global economy and those who demand a different course." At times it seems as though both sufficient coherence and evide... ... whole the UNHDR does an thorough job at citing the important role of democratic governance with regard to human development, it also was blind to one major issue: the difference between theoretical and practical democracy. The successful theoretical democracy primarily discussed in this Report is undoubtedly not the same democracy practiced by 82 "fully democratic" countries in the world.Although the Report does make note of the susceptibility of many democratic institutions to corruption and inequality, the point was not made clear enough that these are two very separate and distinct forms of democracy. No matter the stylistic flaws, though, this Report truly creates a clear perspective on the state of current international human development, and rightfully emphasizes the immediate need for foreign aid, improved living standards, and international democratization.

Olympic Sport Essay

Any athlete in training will always emphasize the importance of hard work during training and keeping a balanced nutritional diet in an effort to reach his maximum peak during competition. For an Olympic athlete in training, his diet will always spell the difference between winning or losing his sport. The reality of training for an Olympic sport such as swimming is that the speed of the swimmer does not depend on the food intake of the swimmer. What makes him skim through the water much faster is his physical training and physique. Proper diet and nutrition is what will give the body the energy to complete training sessions and become more efficient while performing the trained tasks. This is why a diet analysis is highly important when training a swimmer. The diet analysis is composed of two parts according to the usaswimming. org website: Diet analysis is comprised of two parts, needs and intake. Optimal nutrition is a matter of balance (nutrients-in versus nutrients-out). In other words, a swimmer’s intake of nutrients must match his/her output of nutrients during rest and exercise. In terms of energy (aka calories), if the needs are greater than the intake, the net result is weight loss. Conversely, if the needs are less than the intake, the net result is weight gain. Therefore, an athlete must always be focused on healthy eating and conscious of having to substitute lower fat foods for whole fat foods as well as reducing any snacks that will not contribute to keeping his energy level high. The athlete will best be served by loading up on whole grains, cereals, and legumes with at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables in a day. His protein intake should be limited to lean meats, fish, and poultry. A typical diet for swimmer would be composed of the basic food groups but on a varying scale. For instance, Carbohydrates are used as the fuel of the body and therefore a swimmer should consume about 55-60% of his daily calories from grain and cereal products. Protein in the meantime builds the swimmers muscle tissues and other chemicals needed for body function. So protein intake would be recommended at about 15-20 % calories. Fat in the meantime is the transporter of the body. Swimmers will consume only 30% of fat calories while limiting the intake will result in a desirable fat consumption range for the athlete.

Music Tempo

Since the early Baroque period, tempo markings had been used predominantly with instrumental music. But despite this fact, not all instrumental music had a tempo mark during those times. Composers have been inconsistent in their use of it; however, conductors have often modified a composer’s indications, either because of a different interpretation of the composition or because of the conditions under which it is performed. It was during the era of Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) tempo markings became necessary which provided metronome markings instead of using descriptive words.Dance and choral music were played at a certain tempo, depending on their style and reflections to the mood of the text. In addition, descriptive tempo markings will most likely present the mood for example, allegro, not only tries to project the thought of quickness but it also conveys brightness. Largo does not only imply slowness but also broadness and expansiveness. Still using today the verbal te mpos frequently together with precise metronome markings are due to the expressive qualities being manifested.Vague idea of speed and notation of confusion will be the results of music being written before the development of particular metronomes. Speed is being indicated as symbols give the number of beats per bar in the system of time signatures being developed during the Renaissance period. Terminologies such as allegro meaning fast, presto as quick and lento being slow are Italian words indicating tempo in the 17th century. To the modern musicians, these words only gave an indistinct concept of speed but for the enthusiasts of contemporary music, customs of tempo were taken as read among composers and nearly all players.Tempo is an Italian word meaning speed or movement. At the top left corner of the musical staff, there could be found an expression that indicates how fast or slow the music should be played. This expression could be a word or a metronome marking. Metronome marki ng is the number of beats occurring in 60 seconds that measures the pace of music. As an example, ‘crotchet=60’ meaning there should be a 60 crotchet beats to the minute, that is to say, one .per second. Tempo is being measured by modern electronic metronomes very accurately.To some performers, they play the tempo according to their preferences and what suit their interpretation of the music. Performers who were encouraged to pay more attention to original tempo markings were caused by the knowledge of performance practice achieved by academic investigation into earlier music. At any one time, some other factors are influencing the choice of tempo, and a critical musical analysis most likely relies on changes in the fundamental tempo throughout a piece such as accelerando which means getting faster, ritardando as getting slower or rubato with a beat that is strictly irregular.The rate of speed is determined by its characteristics, performances’ physical condition s, and the composer’s transmitted instructions. Before the 17th century, from the notation, performers knew the correct tempo, for tempo were related to note values. The adaption of time signatures and tempo marks made visible a variety of durations for any note. The time signature  ¾ gave a quarter note one pulse, 3/2 gave half pulse; 4/8 gave it two pulses. The rate at which these occurred could be modified by the use of tempo markings, such as allegro or andante. A high degree of accuracy in tempo indications was made possible by the invention of the metronome, a device that shows the number of beats per minute.For adagio or very slow tempo, Adagio for Strings by Barber or Trio Sonata in G major by Bach are good sample pieces. Brandenburg Concerto No.6, in B-flat major by Bach and Clarinet Concerto in a major by Mozart are good pieces for allegro that is lively, rather quick. For rather slow, at moderate tempo that is andante, Mozart’s Piano Concerto No.21 in C ma jor is advisable to be listened.For grave, that is extremely low and solemn, Beethoven’s Sonata No.8 in C minor would be the perfect example. And for largo that is slow and broad, Dvorak’s Symphony No.9 in E minor as its corresponding piece. For moderate tempo we have moderato. For the samples, try Shostakovich’s Trio for Violin, Cello, and Piano or Hindemith’s Sonata for Bass, Tuba, and Piano. Mendelssohn’s Symphony No.4 in A major is an excellent musical piece for very quick tempo which is called presto. For quick and lively that is vivace, listen to Clarke’s Sonata for Viola and Piano,II.There are lots of tempo markings. From the fastest to slowest, common markings include prestissimo for extremely fast, vivacissimamente as the adverb of vivacissimo meaning very quickly and lively, vivacissimo for very fast and lively, presto and allegrissimo for very fast, and vivo as lively and fast. Allegro is used for fast and bright or called as a ma rch tempo. Allegro moderato for moderately quick, allegretto used in moderately fast, moderato for moderately, andantino for alternatively faster or slower than andante, andante used at a walking pace, tranquillamante is derived from the adverb of tranquillo meaning tranquilly and tranquillo for tranquil.Adagietto is used for rather slow, adagio for slow and stately, grave for slow and solemn. Larghetto is used for rather broadly, largo for very slow, lento is very slow like largo, largamente largo for broadly and very slow and larghissimo also for very slow. Basically allegro, largo, adagio, vivace, presto, andante and lento are the few root words used in markings.The suffix –issimo when put in the root word makes the tempo amplified. –ino used as suffix makes the tempo reduced and by adding the suffix –etto to the word the tempo becomes endeared. For sudden changes of different tempo in a piece of music, a new tempo will be given also marked the same way. Molt o or un poco are terms used as modifiers. Accelerando is used when tempo is accelerating or getting faster. Ritardando is used when slowing down, ritenuto when slower and rallentado when gradually slower. Poco a poco is used if pertaining to little by little or gradually speed. Rubato is used when speeding up and at the same time relaxes in ways that puts emphasis on the phrasing. Tempo I is used when referring to the original tempo again.ReferencesFarlex, Inc.   (2008). Tempo.   RetrievedApril 22, 2008 from

The appropriate literature sources and analyse the key concepts surrounding the motivation and expectations of volunteers. The WritePass Journal

The appropriate literature sources and analyse the key concepts surrounding the motivation and expectations of volunteers. Introduction The appropriate literature sources and analyse the key concepts surrounding the motivation and expectations of volunteers. IntroductionStudies on Volunteers’ Profile, Motivation, Expectations and the benefits of Volunteering.Studies based on Theories of Altruism and Selflessness and categorising the volunteers’ Motivation into FactorsStudies on Special Sport EventsConclusionRelated Introduction Studies on Volunteers’ Profile, Motivation, Expectations and the benefits of Volunteering. Studies on Volunteers’ Profile, Motivation, Expectations and the benefits of Volunteering has gained   more ground than ever before in recent years, due to the big Sports Events becoming more important than previously. Because of the   development of the Society, the demand of Volunteers is needed. There is a wider literature on Volunteers’ Profile, Motivation, Expectations and the benefits of Volunteering. One of the most significant researches that have been done on Volunteers is the National Survey of Volunteering (Smith, 1997), which examined how volunteers are recruited and the benefits of volunteering. The most important results were that the primary motivations for volunteering were based on altruistic and self- interested  reasons. Smith had found that 48% of the respondents had offered to help, following 47% who had been asked to help by someone. An additional 45% had volunteered because of the needs and interests of their family and friends, and 42% because of thier own needs and interests.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The most important benefits volunteers had taken   from their voluntary work were the enjoyment they experienced , the satisfaction of seeing result, meeting new people, making   friends and a sense of personal achievement†. (Smith, 1997,   p.61-62)   Manchester Metropolitan University (2008) similarly had conducted a  Study on Volunteers of the Commonwealth Games to draw-up a profile of volunteers and their pre-Games motivations and expectations on a sample of 698 volunteers. The most important motivation for volunteering found by the study was the volunteers were motivated by being a part of a team and supporting their city, in this case Manchester, and their nation, as well as taking advantage of a unique opportunity.   When the participants of the study were asked if one of their reasons for volunteering in the Commonwealth Games was because it is an exciting experience almost all had agreed that this was one of their main reasons for volunteering, as was the fact that the opportunity itself was a chance of a lifetime and it also provided satisfaction when they helped others. The results on the experience of volunteering were that  the whole experience proved to be a unique experience for them and their expectations were far exceeded. The volunteers of the Commonwealth Games had said that they thought that the Games were successful, and they were proud that they were a part of this Event ( Ralston et al., 2008). G. Pauline and J. S. Pauline (2009) investigated the demographic profile of volunteers and their motivation for getting involved in a professional tennis event. Their results were that the Volunteers’  profile were similar to those of tennis participation population and were similar to other games’ volunteers .Volunteers were motivated by material and purposive factors.   In more detail, the authors found that the Volunteers in their research were influenced in volunteering because they were familiar with the game of tennis. The most common response the authors found regarding the Volunteers’ motivations was that they volunteered because â€Å"It is fun to volunteer for this event†(Pauline and Pauline, 2009: 178). And the least important motivation mentioned was that of the volunteer’s employer or school rewarding them with extra credits or bonuses for volunteering. Volunteers were also motivated in helping the event to be successful and serving their community (Pauline and Pauline, 2009) Studies based on Theories of Altruism and Selflessness and categorising the volunteers’ Motivation into Factors Volunteer motivation uses theories of altruism and selflessness (Phillips, 1982; Rehberg, 2005). The most important and common motivation in many studies has been found to be that volunteers aims are ‘to help where is needed’. Many volunteer researches have found different motivations including those of altruism, social contact, personal interests, and emotional needs to name a few (Yeung, 2004).   Mallias and Papadimitriou (2002) conducted a research on the volunteers volunteering in the  2004 Athens Olympic Games, and examined volunteers’ motivations, based on theories of altruism and selflessness. The data analysis was conducted with a 28 item one-dimensional scale named: the Motivation Volunteer Scale (MVS) and categorised the factors into four groups: Purposive, Solidary, External Traditions and Commitments. Their conclusions were that  the most important motivations of volunteers were Purposive followed by Solidary. Other researches, such as that of Ko kolakakis (1999) on volunteers in the United Kingdom, found that the volunteers tend to volunteer for their own good and own intrinsic satisfaction. Similarly, Shibli, et al. (1999) found that the basic reason for volunteering was not altruistic but rather meeting what volunteers wanted. The literature on Volunteering gives us a complex system of factors that differ from organizations’ or events’ characteristics. A research by Cnaan and Goldberg-Glen (1991) investigated 27 studies on motivation of volunteers and collected data from 258 volunteers and 104 non-volunteers, and after the data was analysed using a 22 item unidimensional scale named the Motivation Volunteer Scale (MVS), had found that motivations were altruistic and egoistic, showing that volunteers not only wanted   to help the organization, but also wanted to be   reward from their volunteering. (Cnaan Goldberg-Glen, 1991). Bang and Ross (2009) investigated the impact of volunteers’ motivations and satisfaction using Bang and Chelladurai’s (2003) Volunteer Motivations Scale for International Sporting Events (VMS-ISE). Data were collected from 254 volunteers which volunteered for the 2004 Twin Cities Marathon. The results were   that volunteer motivations could be divided into seven factors: Expression of Values, Community Involvement, Interpersonal Contacts, Career Orientation, Personal Growth, Extrinsic Rewards and Love of Sport   The factors that showed the volunteers’ satisfaction were: Expression of Values, Career Orientation, and Love of Sport  ( Bang and Ross ,2009: 68). Further studies, included that of Wang (2009) which was conducted on volunteers of the 10th National Sport Meeting in 2005 and the 10th National Sport Games in 2005, using both questionnaires and interviews of 350 volunteers who took part. In this study the current state of the participation motivations of the volunteers for large-scale sports events in China were researched. The analysis was done on the factors that motivated volunteers participating in volunteer services and those who dropped-out, and the status of motivations of volunteers who get involved in the voluntary service of large sports events. The results of this study, showed that the motivations of volunteering in voluntary services of sports events can be divided into five factors: Purpose factors, Interpersonal factors, Social Impact factors, Personal factors and the Family Traditional factors. Clary et al. (1998) based on their results proposed six groups of factors   of   volunteer motivations which they categorised as: Opportunities   expressing one’s values relating to altruistic and humanitarian concerns for others; Opportunities for new learning experiences, and to exercise one’s knowledge, skills, and abilities (Understanding);   Opportunities to be with one’s friends or to engage in an activity viewed favourably by important others (Social); Experiences that may be obtained from participation in volunteer work (Career); Reduced guilt over being more fortunate than others and addressing one’s own personal problems (Protective); and The ego’s growth and development (Enhancement).   Hardin et al. (2007) also researched volunteer motivations by grouping those motivations into different factors. These were grouped into four factors which explained how volunteers characterise their incentives of volunteering: Purposive , Self-i nterest,External and Escapism. Grammatikopoulos et al. (2006) used the SEVMS in a study of Greek volunteers, with the purpose of trying to explain the motivation of volunteers by the four factors that Twyncam et al. (2002/2003) have used in their study of the Star Choice World Junior Curling Tournament. The four factors were: solidary, purposive, commitment, and external traditions. Other research on motivations of volunteers grouped into factors is that of Bang and Chelladurai (2003) in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, who found   six factors using the Volunteer Motivations Scale for International Sporting Events (VMS-ISE). The Factors were: Expression of Values, Patriotism, Interpersonal Contacts,   Personal Growth, Career Orientation, and Extrinsic Rewards. Studies on Special Sport Events Clary et al. (1998) try to help us understand more about the nature of volunteering, however,   they fail to explain the differences between the importance of volunteering in Sports Events and   in volunteering in Special Sport Events. Based on the literature scoping of previous research, it has become evident that there is a lack on research on the motivations of the volunteers of Special Sport Events. This has proven a limitation of the research area, as the Special Sport Events have much more prestige due to the social message they give, and therefore differences between the motivations of the volunteers are to be expected (Farrell et al., 1998). Farrell et al. (1998) studied the volunteers motivations and satisfaction at the 1998 Canadian Women’s Curling Championship by using Cnaan and Goldberg-Glen’s (1991) Motivational Volunteer Scale. The   result of this  Ã‚   study made   a new   28 item scale called the Special Event Volunteer Motivation Scale (SEVMS) based on the MVS (Cnaan and Goldberg-Glen,1991). The SEVMS divided motivation of volunteers   into four categories; purposive, solidary, external traditions, and commitments.The most important factor the results showed were the purposive factors whilst the least important factors were the external traditions which gave more emphasis to   extrinsic motivations, and the commitments dimension which gave more emphasis   on the expectations of others for vollunteering. Similarly, three other studies (Grammatikopouloset al., 2006; Twynam et al., 2002/2003; Williams et al.,1995) used the SEVMS at special events. One of the studies was on the World Cup downhill skiing event by Williams et al. (1995), which suggested that   the most important volunteer motivations were to support the national team, improve and empower the community spirit and the community image. Conclusion Based on the above findings the wider literature is based upon the profile, the motivations, the expectation of volunteers and the benefits of volunteering. Many studies have also found that motivations of volunteers are based on altruism, selflessness and the self determination theories (SD) (Deci Ryan, 1985b; Ryan Deci, 2000). The majority of the volunteer researchers have grouped the volunteer motivations into factors, with the most popular factors being: the purposive and the solidary. The volunteer motivations of Special Sport Events have been found to be limited, with the researches conducted being less than those in Sport Events and more complicated than those in Sport Events .

Letter of Recommendation Sample Close Colleague

Letter of Recommendation Sample Close Colleague SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You don't have to be somebody's boss to write her a recommendation letter. You might have a coworker ask you to write one when she applies for an internal promotion or a position outside the company. This sample letter's written by a colleague for someone applying to a leadership position at another company. As a coworker and friend to the candidate, the writer can speak both to her professional skills and to her personal interests. Read on to see how the writer supports his colleague's job application. Sample Recommendation Letter #7: Written by a Coworker Mr. Ernie SandersChief Marketing OfficerGlobex Tech55 Valley RoadPalo Alto, CA 95014 Dear Mr. Sanders, I’m very pleased to recommend Alice for the position of Editor-in-Chief with Globex Tech. As a fellow IT Content Editor at CloudArk, I’ve worked alongside Alice for the past five years. Not only has she been a key player on our team, but she’s also become a close personal friend. Alice’s skills and leadership qualities would make her an invaluable addition to your information technology content development team. While Alice has found success at CloudArk, helping increase our blog traffic from a few thousand to over one million monthly readers over her time here, she’s looking to maximize her skills as a leader within a larger company. Our small start-up doesn’t yet have the opportunities for leadership for which Alice is qualified. Alice is poised to step into a role of editorial management for a content program with the potential for global reach. Alice can plan, create, and market IT content and build a global presence for Globex Tech. She’s an excellent writer and editor with a facility for translating technical information into engaging content. She has used her knowledge of the tech world both to popularize CloudArk’s blog and to develop a platform for educational training, including IT-related certifications, workshops, and webinars. She has her finger on the pulse of technological trends and provides content that’s both useful and captivating to readers. Alice marries her writing skills with a working knowledge of digital and inbound marketing. She works across social media, email campaigns, and other public relations outreach to effect viral engagement. Her last three posts across our social media platforms generated an all time high of 20,000 shares and helped bring in many unique visitors. In a leading position with your company, Alice would use strategic tactics, like search engine optimization and social media metrics, to take your web presence to the next level. In addition to her professional qualifications, Alice has personal qualities that make her well-suited to leadership. She’s naturally fallen into the role of â€Å"point person† that many of us go to with questions. She’s not afraid to take risks and often suggests new directions to explore. Alice was instrumental in introducing our educational platform for training, for instance, a direction that has proven to be very fruitful. She’s committed to quality, growth, and progress, and she inspires her team members to strive for the same. In short, Alice is a person with vision. On a personal note, Alice has become a close friend over our years of working together at CloudArk. She organized several social events for the company, like bar meet-ups and 5k races, helping to facilitate team cohesion and allowing us to form a great friendship. In fact, we’re going trail running this Saturday. Alice’s fun and friendly personality are just icing on the cake of her many other qualifications. Alice has my highest recommendation for the position of Editor-in-Chief with Globex Tech. I’m excited to see the directions in which Globex Tech will grow under Alice’s leadership. Please feel free to contact me for any further information. Thanks very much for your time. Sincerely, Robert WordsworthIT Content EditorCloudArkrwordsworth@cloudark.com(866) 811-5546 Robert sounds confident that Alice has the editorial and social media skills to beEditor-in-Chief. Recommendation Letter #7: The Breakdown This recommendation letter sample is one written by a coworker for someone applying outside of the company. This coworker describes his personal friendship with the applicant while also pointing outthe applicant’s professional skillsand work performance. He starts with a statement of strong support, as well as an explanation of why Alice is looking to step into a leadership position at a larger company. Robert describes Alice’s past accomplishments and future potential. He shows how she contributed toCloudArk's growth, describing her skill in content creation and knowledge of technological trends. He also touches on her digital and content marketing abilities, both of which would be essential in her target job. In addition to discussing her experiences, Robert explains that Alice has the leadership capabilities and vision to move into an Editor-in-Chief position. He says she’s become the â€Å"point person† for her colleagues while also excelling at collaborative work. This former skill is further evidenced by virtue of the fact that the letter is written by a work colleague. As Alice’s friend, Robert’s also able to touch on some of her personal interests, providing an additional dimension to the letter. Overall, Robert states strong support for Alice’s application and gives examples as to why she’s ready to step into a position of editorial leadership. His letter presents Alice’s editorial and marketing qualifications and proves that she’s established positive relationships with her colleagues. Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: What's Next? Not everyone asks a coworker or manager to provide them with a letter of recommendation. People who are just out of college often ask a former professor. Check out this next recommendation letter sample to see how a professor supports a former student's job application! Are you looking for more rec letter samples? Refer to this complete reference letter guide to find more samples and learn more about the letter writing process.

Futures Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Futures Speech - Essay Example 42). In addition, Double M’s marketing aims to attain a 96 percent excellent customer service ranking every month. Marketing communication aims to create an interest among the customers and increase the company market share. In essence, the interest will be created through informing them about the benefits of Double M. This will encourage the target audience to use Double M transport services. The communications will attain their objectives through offering discounts and other incentives to prospective customers and refocusing its service range in high margin areas. In addition, Double M will introduce customer relationship management to engage its customers and clients and obtain feedback from customers. Double M’s communication tactics will include intensified advertising campaigns through the search engines, the local television and radio stations, magazines and newspapers. In addition, the Double M will produce discount coupons and distribute them to the prospective customers. Nonetheless, Double M will provide free road safety and driver’s seminars to employees in large organizations and families. Lastly, Double M will sponsor an advertisement that aims to sensitize the public on road safety and the significant role that each should play in reducing road

An unmanageable Case-Management Quandary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An unmanageable Case-Management Quandary - Essay Example There is a need to change the way judges are managing their cases because it is clear that they are uncertain about how to reduce backlog. According to a report by Great Britain (2011), even before opening of the court door, there are more cases going into court thanks to settlement or negotiation of cases out of court by litigants themselves. Litigants in person are individuals without legal representation by solicitors or barristers but have a right of audience. Litigants in person bringing their cases to court are less prepared because they do not have knowledge of the documents required by the judges. The judges end up starting of case hearing without all the relevant documents. In addition, litigants in person do not have an idea of the evidence required for presentation in court and the witness reports are poorly prepared. This makes the judge to steer off the case and assist the litigant in person, increasing the time taken to dispose a case. The longer the time taken to dispose a case the longer the queue thus creation of a backlog. The courts should avoid such cases without help from people with legal knowledg e. The court should appoint Pro bono lawyers to represent people who cannot afford to hire lawyers or hire more staff to assist them. This will increase the number of cases disposed monthly. Efficient justice administration is dependent on many factors (Abioye, 2014). Abioye (2014) considers the registry, modern technology and availability of material and resources, quality of judges and dedicated lawyers as the factors required to reduce backlogs in court. The court’s staff should be competent when it comes to record keeping. The court should increase number of staff in order to improve record keeping and hasten the speed of file recovery for case hearing, to avoid delay. Introduction of modern methods of file storage and recovery

Decolonization as a Violent Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Decolonization as a Violent Phenomenon - Essay Example He wrote his most influential work, The Wretched of the Earth, during the Algerian liberation movement when Algeria was a French colony. Fanon talked about violence towards the colonizers and described the Algerian French relationship during the colonial period which ended in the 1960s. Fanon said, â€Å"decolonization is a violent phenomenon† (Fanon b 37). He believed that violence was the only way to abolish colonialism. Fanon was one of the strong-willed who believes that violence would be the only way to rid Algeria of colonialism. This essay will focus on Fanon’s argument that violence is the only way to eliminate colonialism and his reasons for the belief. The film, â€Å"The Battle of Algeries†, which was directed by the Italian director Gillo Pontecorvo, shows the environment Fanon lived in when he formed most of his opinions on decolonization. The film also offers a clear example of how Fanon’s ideas of anti-colonialism violence were applied during the years leading up to the liberation of Algeria in 1962. Decolonization is getting rid of colonial rule and obtaining independence (Fanon a 5). One of Fanon’s resolute beliefs was that the only way to get rid of colonialism was through violence. In The Wretched of the Earth, he states: Decolonization is the meeting of two forces, opposed to each other by their very nature, which in fact owe their originality to that sort of substantiation which results from and is nourished by the situation in the colonies. (Fanon b 27) Fanon’s personal experiences in Algeria impressed on him that there was only one way to respond to colonialism, revolution through violence. Colonies always breed conflict, because of the oppressive atmosphere the natives endure.  

Child Signalling Difficulty in Emotion Regulation | Theories

Child Signalling Difficulty in Emotion Regulation | Theories † The childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day.† Milton, John (1671) Paradise regained book IV. line 220 British born Poet, John Milton compares how we can attempt to predict behaviour of adults by their experience as a child. The interesting use of the weather as a simile depicts how predictions can be made and can unfold to be true; conversely, weather is unpredictable and doesn’t always follow a pattern. This he surmised also to be true for people. Scholars, early philosophers and modern day psychologists alike have longed for enlightenment into understanding human behaviour. Many theorists, behaviour and humanistic psychologists have carried out research to attempt to understand the internal working model of the human being and their socialization. Research by Bowlby (1951) and Mary Ainsworth (1967) have been influential in this field and their findings and theories have given insight into patterns of relating and attachment. Rutter’s and Carl Rodgers’ self-actualization theory provided hope for eternal optimists.This essay will demonstrate from an analytical an d critical perspective the possible correlation of a particular child signalling difficulty in emotion regulation and his previous and current experiences, patterns of relating and perception of his environment. This essay will critically apply the theories of social learning, cognitive development and humanistic psychology to the child’s behaviour. A thorough holistic assessment will be executed on the particular child (see appendix 1) and all areas of concern raised by parents and professionals will be considered, discussed and analysed. The theories will be compared to provide a greater understanding of the needs of the child and how best to support care- givers in implementing change. After all things considered a behaviour management plan will be synthesized, its strategies outlined and the difficulties and limitations to its implementation discussed. For the purpose of this Essay all names have been changed to protect the identity of the family. Refer to data protection act here Holistic assessment If there are concerns with a child’s health and development a holistic assessment will need to be synthesised. To produce an assessment of a child holistically is to view it in its entirety. Holism is a relatively new concept it is used where there are multidimensions involved or complex interwoven issues. It is also used if there is a learning or behavioural objective which can be quantitive over time. The assessor would refer to the holistic assessment to establish whether a target or goal has been reached .Evidence for the assessment must include multiple observations in different settings and from more than one source. The assessment will take into consideration all factors that may comprise the child’s physiological, psychological health as well as environmental factors that they may be exposed to. The assessment can highlight areas of concern or irradiate where one issue may be antecedent to another. It is often challenging to see where one difficulty begins and a nother ends. This is especially true in the case study mentioned in this Essay. The behaviour Soiling Social anxiety No eyecontact Expression and emotionless Over compliance Doesn’t seek comfort Picky eating Development Possible reasons : socio demographic job loss. Maternal deprivation, Bowlby, ainsworth. Parental conflict : theorist ? Parental mental health : theorist? Many different care givers all unresponsive or inconsistent : RAD Distress from deprivation from father whom he had a bond but was unstable : Maslow Pre natal cocaine use: theories? The loss of bonds as bereavement Learnt behaviour shaping personality skinner no positive reinforcement of warmth Cognitive damage :science of parenting. Early attachment problems John Bowlby Mary Ainsworth Mary Ainsworth suggested attachment between a child and its care giver is innate. She sees experience in early childhood as an external factor that shapes and develops the attachment, and relationship. The level of responsiveness of the care giver has a direct correlation with the development of the attachment. Rutter Possible RAD diagnosis Historically there has been little research into this disorder otherwise known as Reactive attachment disorder.(APSAC)à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ¸notes that; â€Å"RAD is one of the least researched and most poorly understood disorders in the DSM† (p. 80; Chaffin et al., 2006). It states in the DSMà ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ¹ that there are two types inhibited and disinhibited. Children with inhibited type do not initiate social interaction; their response to others would be seen as developmentally inappropriate. In accordance to the milestones expected to achieve ( ) they could appear socially anxious, highly ambivalent or give contradictory responses. For example they often resist comfort from the care givers. They express no reciprocation to warmth they appear wooden, or emotionless. The children remain watchful of others whilst physically and emotionally keeping their distance. Social learning theory Family dynamics It is worth noting that according to research carried out by the ALSPAC study team evidence suggests that children living in a blended family or a complex family unit where they are not with the biological mother, the children have problems adjusting (Hetheringtonet al.,1999:cited in Dunn,2002). Research alspac (Parenting capacity Parenting styles and their effects on a child’s development has been studied by baumrind (1972) through her studies she collated evidence that suggested that parenting styles led to clear different outcomes for the child. The areas of parenting that Baumrind focussed on was warmth and nurturance , parents expectations of their children, consistency of rules and their overall level of communication. According to Baumrind styles of parenting can have an effect on cognitive, physiological, psychological and social development. Pryor and Rodgers (2001) suggests that stressful situations such as parental conflict, parental mental health and financial difficulties, although, have an impact on a child’s wellbeing the level of impact is determined by the quality of parenting and parent -child relationship. There are Three styles of parenting permissive, authoritarian and authoritative. Authoritarian children according to Baumrind (1972) have a generally unhappy demeanour, they appear anxious and withdrawn Socialization Regulation of emotions are crucial to our socialization. It has been expressed by carers that Frankie’s countenance of emotion is inhibited and facial expressions are almost nonexistence. Gross(2002) would suggest this is caused by a suppression of an emotion. This would have a negative impact on health according to Gross (2002) not from a one off occurrence but if the suppression of that emotion was continual for a substantial period of time. The physiological reaction would still occur so the impact of the emotion would still be felt but not expressed. â€Å"we hypothesized that individuals who habitually suppress should have lesser negative and positive emotion-expressive behaviour†. (J.GRO.SS 2002) ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ° (Steele et al., 2008) would offer counter evidence that the deciphering of expressive facial responses and their meaning is something that is learnt from their earliest experience of attachment .Primarily from their main carer but also from others in the first year of life. Steel (2008) discovered a substantial correlation between a child who has an insecure or avoidant attachment and their lack of ability to decipher the meaning of facial expression. Thus implying that the quality of the first reciprocal interaction that a baby experiences sets the standard for the quality of social interaction in the future. â€Å"This learning is preverbal from the first year of life, yet  powerful enough to show itself 6 years and 11 years later in  emotion recognition tasks† (Steele et al., p. 388). Behaviour plan The proposed behaviour plan intends to support the child and carers in facilitating change of unwanted behaviours, address the problem of emotional regulation which is concerning the carers and professionals involved with the child. The rationale is interrelated to the strategies and their theories. The unwanted behaviours outlined that will be addressed is soiling, withdrawn behaviour and (â€Å"seems upset and cries a lot† ) see appendix 2. Play therapy The concept of play therapy was introduced into psychotherapy by Freud following his work with Little Hans. Freud (1909) elucidated the concept of play therapy and its ability to promote free expression, wish fulfilment, and mastery of traumatic events. To enhance a child’s wellbeing and maximise their potential using therapeutic personal centred counselling. The association of play therapy provides a definition of play therapy and what part it can play in a child’s wellbeing. The place2b(2009) research model provides evidence that therapeutic support accessed through primary schools either via group or individual, improves children’s social and emotional behaviour. Lee,Tiley and White(2009) † The systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process wherein trained therapists use the therapeutic powers of play to help clients prevent or resolve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimum growth and development APT (2008)à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ · (Landreth2002) pertinently stated that play is a child’s language and toys are their words. Reference list . Internet. [http://www.a4pt.org]. Association for Play Therapy. About Play Therapy Overview. (20081024)22.00 28/01/14 American professional society of the abuse of children . Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders ,published by the APA (American psychiatric association) Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Gross, J.J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281-291 How is human nature changed from technology? How is human nature changed from technology? How is human nature changed form technology? In the late 20th century, internet combined with World Wide Web start to hit a big in every society because it makes a possible of sharing the worldwide information. There is no doubt that computer network has a strong impact to people with its capacity of gathering and delivering information. However, as the information’s property is that it above all kinds of messages, which means that while people search for the useful information they also may receive some other useless information, for example, some information that called propaganda. The basic reason for the development of propaganda can be described as how to take advantages from the technological enhancement and the internal of human nature. Though the upgrading of technology provides a lot of benefits for human society, it also brings about so many problems; and human nature is like the catalyst to amplify the greedy of human desire. Propaganda, as an important way for advertisers to lure and brainwash the audiences, has developed in a rapid speed when technological enhancement and human nature continue influences people’s decisions. Technological enhancement is like the top one assistant to help propaganda spread and exploded faster than decades before. In the article â€Å"Computer and the Pursuit of Happiness†, David Gelernter draws out a statement that â€Å"But using technology to defeat distance has been another goal of the industrial revolution from the start, from railroads through the Panama Canal and onward.† (138) What Gelernter’s clime is that no matter in which period, people are willing to use technology skills to link together from a long distance. Propaganda can be a well appropriate example to show this method. Assuming that if the president of a large country wants to announce a political decision by using propaganda as soon as possible, but the only way he can use is the traditional way to transmit it, such as railway or water route which will defiantly delay the speed of transmitting the announcement. However, with the assist of technology, people can use radio, TV, and th en computer and networks, finally the latest one internet which connected the whole world to overcome geography and be able to get the information in a fastest way. How come that advertiser will not take some benefits from that technological society by producing propaganda? Technology builds a bright and straight way for advertisers to broadcast various propagandas without any restriction from time or region. Furthermore, technology also makes the category of propaganda becomes copious and colorful. Advertisers can have plentiful technologic ways and skills to create propaganda so that it will be more attracted and alluring. Nobody would say no to the glamorous and creative propaganda which can draw your attention at the very beginning; and the advertisers know it extremely well than anybody else. In spite of the technology enhancement that improve the appearance and the hardware of propaganda, the people who are easily be allured by propaganda can be described as the human nature that is always be in the same pattern and is to simple too be penetrated. From ancient time to the present, human nature seems like it has conflicting phenomenon. On the one side it remains the same in some aspects; on the other side, there are also have some changes. Ann McClintock mentioned a common sense when people see propaganda that â€Å"We are victims, content – even eager – to be victimized. We read advertisers’ propaganda messages in newspapers and magazines; we watch their alluring images on television †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ We all do it – even those of us who claim to see through advertisers’ tricks and therefore feel immune to advertising’s charm†, (158) in her article â€Å"Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising†. The author use the word â€Å"victim† to describe the people who truly buy the lie of propaganda in order to reveal a truth that people are vulnerable when they face the fascinating propaganda; and no matter how much the people convince to themselves that they know all tricks in propaganda; they still easily to be fooled by advertisers. So the answer to why it would happen is that the feature of the human nature. There is a common situation in almost everyone’s experience, when people come into a selection of two similar products, in most time people will chose the one with fancy appearance. This is one of the human natures that people will tend to be attracted by appearances but not the inside qualities, which has not changed in decades and will not be changed in future. As this reason, advertisers will try as hard as they can to improve the appearance of products or figures inside of the intrinsic and the qualities of it. Speaking of the change of human nature, it can show through the development of human mind and society. When communication between people from everywhere has fewer limits and people are more open to adapt new things from other country or culture, advertisers are able to have more opportunities to get profits from all over the world by broadcasting a proper propaganda. Considering the alteration and the uniformity of human nature, advertisers always can find a way to promote their â€Å"products† whether they are objects, figures or opinions. In the war between audience and advertiser, the winner always is the advertiser, especially when advertisers can use technology flexible and know human nature like the back of their hands. In Ann McClintock’s article â€Å"Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising†, McClintock points that â€Å"Every day, we are bombarded with slogans, print ads, commercials, packaging claims, billboards, trademarks, logos, and designer brands – all forms of propaganda.† (160-161) In this sentence, most of these media are partly connected to the technology, because technology makes these things become more and more common in the society; and technology is still showing its advantages to advertisers for how to improve tactics in producing propaganda. Nobody will doubt the ingenuity of human so it means that nobody can stop the development of technology. In that way, audiences will become more vulnerable in front of a well decorated propaganda. Similarly, David Gel ernter mentioned his thoughts in the article â€Å"Computers and the Pursuit of Happiness† that â€Å"Human nature does not change; human needs and wants remain basically the same. Human ingenuity dreams up a new technology, and we put it to use – doing in a new way something we have always done in some other way.† (140) He claims that with the desire of human nature has never changed, we tend to invite more high-tech devices to replace some works which were done by human before. In some aspect, it is good for human life; on the contrary, this is how propaganda converts from paperwork into different forms, such like radio, video, or even lights. Human nature is like a flaw in a precious jade, everyone can see it, but cannot fix it. To contradict the information from propaganda but continue develop technology; we can try to concentrate more on the essence of human nature and be aware of the deliberate deception from advertisers. If advertisers put a good use of t echnology and human nature in propaganda, people will have highly risk of the propaganda might control the personal decisions and judgments. Although people know that most propaganda are fictitious and deceitful, the majority will still buy and trust it. Someone may make an assertion that all these faults and influences are made by the development of technology and have no relevance with human nature. However, because human nature is deep inside human mind, people do not want to admit that they – themselves also are an aspect of being deceived by propaganda. On the one hand, technology does make human life become more convenient and efficient, so the society cannot only blame the technological changing. On the other hand, human nature is hard to change because it already inherits from generations to generations. In some aspect, this world cannot be operated well without propaganda. For instance, producers need it to sell their products, candidates need it to win the campaign and even the politicians or scholars need it to express their viewpoints. In order to really take some benefits from technology but not fooled by the deception of propaganda, people need to be more cautious and avoid the influence of human nature when they encountered with the diverse propaganda. If everyone can see through advertisers’ strategy, the winner of a propaganda war must be the audiences instead of the producers. Work Cited: Gelernter, David â€Å"Computers and the Pursuit of Happiness†. New Directions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005 McClintock, Ann â€Å"Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising†. New Directions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005 IKEA: Strategic Planning Analysis IKEA: Strategic Planning Analysis IKEA is a home products retailer with its branches spreading internationally and is privately owned. It sells furniture, Bathroom and Kitchen items and accessories in flat packs. IKEA is the worlds largest furniture sellers due to its unique concept of the furniture sold in flat packs, affordability and at home assembling by the costumer. Immense retail experience, product diffentiation and reasonable prices are the key for IKEA s success. It is the worlds most successful multinational retailers. In 37 countries IKEA has 301 stores (31 August 2009). Last year a total of 286 million people visited the IKEA Groups stores around the world, most of them in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Its catalogue is printed in 118 million copies in 45 editions (23 languages). History IKEA is owned by a Dutch registered foundation and is controlled by Kamprad Family. It was founded by Ingvar Kamprad in 1943 in Smaland, Sweden when he was only 17 years old. He started with an innovative concept for the economically stricken but hard working people of Smaland. He first started his company with 15 co workers. His concept mainly based on cost cutting solutions which do not affect the quality of the product and thus offering the sale in a much lesser price than his competitors. He never compromised on the quality but he scrapped from everything else. The word IKEA comes from the first initials of his first and last name and the farm and the village he came from (Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd) Corporate Structure IKEA is owned and operated by convoluted groups of profit and nonprofit corporations. The corporate structure of IKEA has two major parts: Operations Franchising. Management of various stores is the IKEA Operations responsibility. INGKA Holding is a private Dutch company which is owned by Stichtting INGKA Foundation which was established in 1982 in Netherland as a tax exempt non profit foundation. The design and manufacture of its furniture, purchasing and supply functions are overseen by INGKA. In 36 countries 2,235 stores are run by INGKA Holding, the rest 30 stores are run by franchises. The INGKA Foundation is controlled by a five-member executive committee that is chaired by Kamprad and includes his wife and attorney. The IKEA trademark and concept is owned by Inter IKEA Systems, registered in Luxembourg, which is an exclusive Dutch company and its ownership is very complicated and uncertain but believe to be owned by Kampard Family members. All IKEA stores including ones run by the INGKA Holding pays a fee of 3% of the total profit to Inter IKEA systems. All the stores are operated by Inter IKEA Systems under a franchise agreement. In Australia however IKEA is operated by two companies: Eastern Coast Stores including Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria are under the owner ship of INGKA Holding. Stores in the South and Western Australia are owned by CEBAS Pvt. Ltd. The suppliers acquire a long term contract with IKEA transferring technical advice and leased equipment from the company. IKEA keeps the rights of exclusion and also for low prices. Vision and Mission To create a better everyday life for the many people. This vision provides the structure of a Marketing message to all IKEA businesses worldwide. This message reflects the working and idea behind IKEAs well designed and functional products of home ware. Also keeping the product affordable for encompassing as many people possible to purchase in turn providing a remarkable profit. Compromising the price doesnt include compromise in the quality of the product or of the companys principles. As they say Low price but not at any price. This promise is the key factor for their sustainable and flourishing business. IKEAs approach was positively appreciated worldwide as the good and the services are beneficial for both the costumers and the environment. The business idea is To offer a wide range of well designed, functional home furnishing products at  prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. The market positioning statement is Your partner in better living. We do our part, you do yours.  Together we save money. The product range varies in home furniture and accessories and includes 9500 items. The items are available in big warehouse type display stores or exclusively on IKEA website on the internet making purchases easier for the consumer. In United Kingdom IKEA has opened 18 stores so far. The first one was opened in Warrington in 1987. There is also a new store opened in Dublin in 2009 which is the first one in Ireland. In August 2008 the IKEA stores were visited by 565 million visitors in a year and 450 million people used the website. The sales went up to 21.2 billion Euros ($30 Billion) with an increase of 7%. The biggest consumer countries were Germany, USA, France, UK and Sweden. Only 11% of the sales were generated in Sweden in 1997.Germany contributed 29.6%, Western Europe sale was 42.5% and 14.4% from North America. IKEA is now opening stores in Asia and China. The growth strategy includes the opening up of new stores in different locations to attract more customers. Their company objectives enable their strategy for the customer to come back by which they weaken the competitors market and increase their share. IKEA Culture Instead of acquiring the regional and national trends and tastes IKEA followed its vision which wastypically Swedish. This was a big global hit and the main reason for the success. Their market research was minimal with no intention finding out consumer interests, instead the Swedish management decided what to present to the global public, which was simply good quality functional furnishers in affordable prices. The company also highlights the Swedish culture and roots from putting shops and cafes offering Swedish legacies from meatballs to jams in their stores to the blue and gold color scheme of their display units. They tend to sell the same product worldwide and also to cut costs of the products by 30% in price from the competitor maintaining the after tax return. Despite breaking the rules of international retailing, the formula of selling Swedish designed products worked in Europe but it took a while for this business to shoot off in North America. In early 90 s most of the IKEA stores were considered to be in trouble because of the adverse movement of the exchange rates. Moreover the IKEAs beds were too narrow and all of the measurements were in the European scales. The kitchen cabinets were also too narrow in short the furnishers and accessories were not appropriate for Americans. Finally the company decided that in order to succeed in US market they have to customize and redesign their product range. The redesigning of the furnisher gave a 30-40% boost in sales in bedroom furniture and 15% in kitchen furniture instantly. By 1997 about 1/3 of IKEA furnishers were designed for US market. The company is generating huge profits from American market but European market has a bigger share in this profit. Current Situation: PEST (P)olitical IKEA is one of the best example of a firm, successful in both Scandinavian and global market. The political condition in Sweden is stable and the environment eases condition for many markets. After the 1978 reforms and open up policy in china IKEA was also one of the western retailer who took this opportunity and enter into the Chinese market. (E)conomic Global recession is of the biggest challenges facing by multinational companies all over the world. IKEA timely enter in Chinese and Indian market which was least affected by global recession. In the UK, Opening up of Southampton store in 2009 helped hold up sales otherwise hit by recession, but operating margin have declined from 11% in 2005 to 3.3% in 2009. (S)ocial IKEA has contributed much in the society as they provide opportunities in customers and the its own employees are entitled in different benefits and incentives such as insurance and pensions. However, the company has tried to provide more high quality furniture that also stick to their original concept stylish furniture at lower prices. IKEA is turn out to be a successful global brand attracting similar social group of customer with different cultures and societies in all the big markets in the world. IKEA is building online help out to guide customers to a more sustainable life. It supports customers with tips as well as ideas on its website to reduce their impact on the environment. This will also save them money. Staffs are trained on sustainability, both on what IKEA is doing and how they can take responsibility to become sustainable for themselves. (T)echnological The IKEA used quality technology and modern systems to promote faster flow of queues and proper scheduling, tracking and trading, and staffing pattern. IKEA is aiming to be more productive and has established employee preferences. The system IKEA has introduce in a position to ensure the right number of staff for the right store and in a right time to match the unique trading pattern at each site of IKEA. Porter Five forces Michael porter has determined five forces to analysed a industry. Power of the Buyers There is not much bargaining power because of the IkEAs exiting low-price options. Furniture as well as other items has an alternative, consumers have very limited alternative choices in getting high quality in low price that market IKEA has unique among its competitors. The strategy of affordable price is another way of the company to response in customers needs. Power of Supplier IKEA has its more then 1000 of suppliers from Africa, Asia and other parts of the world that set standards in delivering the materials.. Mostly, the suppliers work for IKEA and compete with other suppliers that helps the company to reduce the power of its supplier and result of that they have little bargaining power. Because of the low-pricing strategy, Rivalry The IKEAs furniture competitors offers slightly different styles and functionality. In the European market IKEA has a very strong market imagine for low price products with a good quality, in the USA market Conrin targets a new low cost in terms of furniture; Cratel Barrel supplying a furniture in a box which is relatively on higher prices; Ethan Allen targeting at a more higher market. IKEA is the most successful in offering a complete package for the customers. Substitutes There is no really specific product that can be an alternate for the furniture however IKEA must have to follow up with the latest trends in the market, to avoid becoming out of style. New Entrants All the big furniture manufacturer and retailer have their wide range have in big town. Another furniture company is rolling on the strategy of low cost and should be able to compete IKEA as the excellent company in delivering the furniture. IKEA stores and some of other competitor do not reach many small cities and this provides an opportunity for the new competitors to move into small cities with smaller stores or less selection. But not easier in big city because new entrants have to establish a large volume supply chain and create a unique brand name on as low prices. Generic strategies: IKEA clearly stated in its mission statement its strategy; IKEA has built its cost leadership position, and furnish the customer with a high quality product with components derived from all over the world utilizing competitive advantages, low cost logistics, and large retail outlets in suburban areas. Furthermore, cost leadership has been effectively incorporated into the IKEAs culture through symbols and efficient processes. The value chain The value chain approach indicates two major activities, such as primary and secondary. Primary actives which include logistics, production, marketing, and after sale functions. Secondary activities, which are identified as a support processes to primary activities. These include, firms infrastructure, HR Management. Technology development and other areas. The way from supplier to customer must be as shortest, cost-effective and environmentally pleasant as possible. Flat packs are a very essential aspect of this work. Since efficient distribution plays a key role in creating the low price, goods routing and logistics are a focus for constant development. IKEA is built upon the philosophy all the way from design teams to suppliers and to customer. A continuous contention for development in all the areas of the value chain is an effective way to shape the industry to better fit IKEAs future strategies. Due to the distinctiveness of IKEAs strategic market positioning, being the largest competitor in the industry, it has the advantage of setting the phase of the entire industry. IKEA has developed the value chain approach by integrate the customer in the process and introduce a two way value system. In order to offer the customer with high quality products at a lower price, IKEA should be looking suppliers who can deliver high quality items at low cost. The headquarters provide suppliers with technical assistance, leased equipment and the necessary skills needed to produce good quality items. SWOT analysis IKEAs goals of sustainability and environmental design are central to its business strategy. It has launched a new sustainability plan for the company to take it through to 2015. This will combine socially, environmental and economic issues. (S)trengths: Global Brand which attract the key customer group which promises same quality worldwide. A strong concept based on offering a broad range of well designed, functional products at affordable prices. Increasing use of renewable materials IKEA superior its overall use from 71% in 2007 to 75% in 2009. Volume commitments: IKEA believes in having long-term partnerships with its suppliers. Economies of scale. By using new technologies: Like IKEAs OGLA chair has been in its range since 1980. (O)pportunities A growing demand for low priced and greener products. Trends in the current financial environment may result in consumers trading down from more expensive stores. Growth of middle class in china and India Demand for reduced water usage and lower carbon footprints. Reducing carbon footprint. IKEA aims to trim down energy usage Developing social responsibility. IKEAs policy which includes support for charities like WW Fund, UNICEF and Save the Children. (W)eaknesses IKEA has to acknowledge and recognize its weaknesses in order to improve. This can play a key role not only in helping it to set objectives but also to develop new strategies. IKEAs weaknesses includes: The size and scale of its global business is very challenging to standardize its products. This can represent a weaker relationship in IKEAs supplying, affecting consumer views of IKEAs products. Keep balance between low cost products and good quality. IKEA also wants to differentiate itself from competitors. IKEA believes there is no concession between being able to offer good quality products and low prices. IKEA must improve communication with customer and other stakeholders about its environmental activities. IKEA produces publications in print media as well as on line and use different channels to enable the business to communicate with different target audiences. (T)hreats If a company is aware of all possible threats, it can plan to neutralize them. By taking actions, IKEA can use some strength to overcome against external threats in the market. Significant reduction in first time buyer in housing market. More competitors entering in the low price furnishings and household markets. IKEA needs to strengthen its distinctive qualities to compete with these Recession turn down consumer spending and disposable income reduces. Future Options IKEAs one of the main strength flat pack and high quality furniture on a very low price compare to its all competitor all over the world. IKEAs supply chain strategy where warehouses are divided into different zones and properly located to have a better control. With this strategy, the IKEA can analyze the processing time and cost more effectively, and resource utilization, and queue times and lengths for the various functions. The resources are applied and detailed in applicable working schedules, sorted and simulated at a higher-level There is a business potential for IKEA in providing solutions and services that enable customers to live a more sustainable life at home. IKEA is developing effective solutions for customers in order to support them recycling or reusing used products, and aiming at no products ending up at landfill and the recycled materials used in producing new IKEA products. For a successful global strategy IKEA must maximise its strength, minimise its weakness and by taking market opportunity to strengthen its market share image by avoiding all the external threats. Social trends: IKEA is building online help to guide customers to a more sustainable life. The advantages of online business will reduce administration cost and it will give more information to customer of product and IKEA can pass its corporate goal to target its customer more effectively Market forces: IKEA is large enough to enjoy economies of scale and also target the biggest segment of the market .i.e. middle class. This helps to reduce average costs in the long run through, for example, better use of technology or employing specialized managers. Economies of scale also give a business a competitive edge if cost savings are then passed on to customers in the form of lower prices. This puts up high barriers to entry for smaller companies entering the market. Economic factors: Global recession and significant decrease in first time buyer has affected the demand in future industry. IKEAs low prices create appeal amongst its customers in tough financial times. It is vital to keep prices as low as possible when the retail sector is depressed. IKEAs pricing strategy targets consumers with limited financial resources. Its products will also attract to those with higher income through good quality and design. IKEA must ensure that it is always recognised as having the lowest prices on the market in the future IKEA had has been quite successful with its one-design-suits-all global expansion strategy in many markets. However, industry experts were doubtful as to whether this strategy would translate well into some of the Asian and south Asian, culturally diverse and riskier markets. It is very important for IKEA to have higher degree of localization to be successful in diverse markets.   The Asian markets, where India and china has fastest growing middle class can be very attractive market. In far eastern markets, IKEA is facing a number of challenges in terms of varied cultural, demographic and market specific needs IKEA must have more cultural promotional approach to the market. IKEA must alter two very important aspects of its time tested and proven global strategy when it came to China and Middle East; while elsewhere in the world, IKEA had always located its stores in less expensive areas and sold its furniture on the do-it-yourself (DIY) principle, these elements had to be changed in China and Middle East. IKEA must decentralized most of its functions including Human resource and stores management in China, in the past, there was some criticism that IKEA was too bureaucratic with many of its operations being globally controlled and systematized. IKEA is improving to hold in the US market, this has the best growth potential for IKEA. The current hold of IKEA is this market is very limited. Thus, it enables IKEA to keep its growth rate while basically keeping its low-cost strategy in the near and medium future. The main aim is achieving this goal, is an adjustment of the companys products to the US market needs. IKEAs stores in the US must shift into less internationally standardized products and more products adjusted to the need of US market, increasing the variation of the product line of IKEA. This might result a low cost products to the high income population that might well include innovative design motives that characterizes the existing products. Globalization of IKEA and way forward More emphasis must be given on understanding of various markets all over the world for a better strategy planning, decreasing the reliance on the current management. These steps should better taken before Mr. Kamprads manager retires from the company for absorbing much of their spirit into the future international management. With continued expansion effort underway worldwide, IKEA strive to enforce its USA expansion support the companys vision and business model to offer its products on affordable prices. For a long term strategic planning IKEA must evaluate in more detailed US market and build more stores where it can achieve economy of scale. IKEA should have clusters of stores within market or different region of USA enable company to efficiently streamline and manage its distribution services, training, recruitment initiatives and development marketing efforts. On a broad bases strategy IKEA must penetrate into its existing market to gain more share by promoting its product in existing market. On the other hand more stores should be open in different part of USA market. Ansoffs Matrix Product-Market Growth Matrix In the far Eastern and Middle Eastern markets where Ikea must develop its markets in near future. In the emerging economy like China, India and Brazil where construction industry is growing. IKEA must utilize its market imagine of offering lower price products with and high quality. Nuclear Energy: Problems And Solutions Nuclear Energy: Problems And Solutions Nuclear energy is a divisive issue that many people have mixed feelings about. Nuclear power has many dangerous effects to the environment and the people living near a power plant. Many countries use nuclear power as an alternate source of electrical energy from fossil fuels. Nuclear energy has to be handled with extreme care or it could lead to disastrous damages. These problems included radiation, disposing of nuclear waste, and high costs of building and maintaining power plants. But while it is extremely dangerous to use nuclear energy, it does provide an alternate source of energy that does not pollute the air. Let us look at what nuclear energy is and where it came from. Most early atomic research was focused on developing effective weapons for use in World War II. After World War II, the government allowed nuclear energy to be developed for citizen use. We generated our first electricity from nuclear energy in 1951. According to the European Nuclear Society, as of end 2011 the total electricity production since 1951 amounts to 69,760 billion kWh and the cumulative operating experience amounted to 15,080 years by end of 2012. Because of accidents and public reluctance for them a new nuclear power plant has not been ordered in the U.S. since 1973. So, what is nuclear energy? According to the EPA, nuclear energy originates from the splitting of uranium atoms in a process called fission. Fission releases energy that can be used to make steam, which is used in a turbine to generate electricity. Nuclear energy is generally used in a combine mixture with Uranium and Plutonium. EPA further states, in the plantà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s nuclear reactor, neutrons from uranium atoms collide with each other, releasing heat and neutrons in a chain reaction. This heat is used to generate steam, which powers a turbine to generate electricity. Unfortunately, nuclear energy also generates some nasty by-products like tritium, cesium, krypton, neptunium and iodine. Let us talk about what is it that makes nuclear energy so bad for the environment and to people living near power plants. Let us start with the dangerous information and knowledge of this process. Knowledge of how to create power plants is shared among many nations. The problems with sharing this knowledge, is that countries will have access to the knowledge of how to make nuclear weapons, which could be bad for some nations. The International Energy Agency or IEA is responsible for energy in many countries, but some have criticizes them for not being able to keep the knowledge from hostile countries. There have been many accidents with nuclear power plants. On April 26, 1986, a reactor at the Chernobyl power plant exploded. According to Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 30 people were killed instantly, including 28 from radiation exposure, and a further 209 on site were treated for acute radiation poisoning. 985,000 deaths can be attributed to the Chernobyl accident between 1986 and 2004. The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation also states, the accident cost the former Soviet Union more than three times the economic benefits accrued from the operation of every other Soviet nuclear power plant operated between 1954 and 1990. Another accident happened recently in Japan. On March 11, 2011, an earthquake and tsunami crippled the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The plant suffered major damage from the 9.0 earthquake and the tsunami. The earthquake and tsunami destroyed the reactor cooling systems, leading to leaks of radioactivity. Radiation leaks caused large evacuations, concern for plant employees and basic supplies. A few of the plants workers were severely injured or killed by the disaster resulting from the earthquake, but no deaths were due to radiation exposure. Predicted future cancer deaths due to accumulated radiation exposures in the population living near Fukushima have ranged from none to 100. There are also many environmental problems with using nuclear energy as well. The problem with mining uranium and the use of plutonium leads to contamination of the area around it. Humans become affected by this contamination as well as ecosystems. Some of these contaminations last for thousands of years, leaving toxic chemicals in our ecosystems for many years. This is only the beginning affects shown by nuclear energy, there could be many more we have not discovered yet. According to the World Nuclear Waste Association, All parts of the nuclear fuel cycle produce some radioactive waste and the cost of managing and disposing of this is part of the electricity cost. At each stage of the fuel cycle there are proven technologies to dispose of the radioactive wastes safely. Wastes from the nuclear fuel cycle are categorized as high-, medium- or low-level wastes by the amount of radiation that they emit. These wastes come from a number of sources and include: Low-level waste produced at all stages of the fuel cycle, intermediate-level waste produced during reactor operation, from reprocessing and from decommissioning old plants, and high-level waste, which contains fission products from reprocessing, and in many countries, the used fuel itself. Let us look at each process of waste disposal. Low-level wastes are usually created at hospitals, laboratories and industry. Low- level waste is most of the time is not dangerous to handle, but has to be a bit more careful to throw away then garbage. Low-level wastes account for about 90% of all waste disposals according to the World Nuclear Association. Disposal for these wastes are commonly found in many countries and are usually place in shallow landfill. Intermediate-level wastes contain higher radioactivity levels then low-level waste and require careful protection when handling. These wastes usually come from dismantled internal structures of a reactor core and the control rods from nuclear plants. Intermediate- level waste is treated with cement or a different solid and place in special containers for sealing. These type of waste is usually buried deeper in a landfill. There are two types of high-level waste, according to the World Nuclear Association, fission products and transuranics. Both have to be treated before removal. High-level waste is usually liquid when it first is created and is shipped in containers with cooling equipment before being transformed into a solid for disposal. They also put glass around it before putting it into a container. Most of these wastes take around 50 years of cooling before being disposed. The radioactivity of the waste doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t fall to a safe percent until aroun d that time. Currently, there are no deep geological disposal places or facilities. It seems that most people view that since the amount of waste is so small there is no need for it and that the longer it is stored the easier it is to handle. Some countries also recycle their waste to use again but that also has many problems that go with that method. There have been proposals for these sites in countries like Finland and Sweden, but none have been created yet. The United States considered setting a site in Nevada to dump nuclear waste. People thought of an idea to dump the nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. The idea was to dump all the nuclear waste produced in the United States at that location, but people were quick to point out that it will be completely fill and would not support for more nuclear waste. Transporting waste is also risky. Vehicles and trains can have accidents that can pose great problems for the environment and people. Some countries recycle their nuclear waste by using it again, but this policy is not used in the United States as it can be dangerous and it also produces more nuclear waste. There are many different energy sources that we can use that pose little threat to the environment as nuclear energy. These other sources include: wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, and bioenergy. Let us look at each one individually. Bioenergy is a fuel that comes from living things and their byproducts and is a renewable energy source. Geothermal energy is energy from natural heated areas of the Earth pumped with water to create energy. Wind energy is created from wind turbines that harness wind power to create electricity and is considered a renewable resource. Solar energy is created from the sunà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s rays. Solar cells can capture solar rays and create electricity from them. Tidal energy is created from the rise and fall of the oceans and is considered a renewable resource. Many more resources can be discovered if more funding was put into these programs by the government. There are many different alternative sources that are safer for the environment and human health then nuclear energy. Those who support nuclear enegy make the case that it is a solution to global warming as it doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t burn fossil fuel and add more carbon dioxide to the air. But this claim ignores the dangers of nuclear waste and the threats it poses to the environment. For now, because of the devastating incident of Chernobyl and many other factors, nuclear power growth has slowed, but still is a problem that needs to be address and hopefully fix. Also, nuclear energy carries the risk of terrorist attack on the plants. Power plant employees can easily make mistakes and cause meltdowns of the power plant and other various problem. While it may help the climate change, there are so many more problems associated with it. There is always a chance for a horrible incident like Chernobyl. Nuclear energy is not really a solution. It is just a different method with different equally bad problems. Sources: Peterson, P. F. (2001). The Pros and Cons of Nuclear Fuel Recycling. Science, 294(5549), 2093. Zehner, O. (2012). Nuclear Powers Unsettled Future. Futurist, 46(2), 17-21. Lai, Leslie (2013) Nuclear Fact Sheet, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation Rugy V. No to Nukes. Reason [serial online]. July 2012;44(3):18-19. Available from: Academic Search Elite, Ipswich, MA. Accessed January 13, 2013. Lewis, J. (2008). the nuclear option. Mother Jones, 33(3), 56-92. Flory, P. W. (2006). Just the Facts. Foreign Affairs, 85(5), 149-150. EPA (2012) Nuclear Energy Ita, M. (2006). Nuclear vs solar energy, which?. New African, (449), 37-38. Lewis, H. W. (1986). The Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and Its Consequences. Environment, 28(9), 25. LePoire, D. J. (2011). Exploring New Energy Alternative. Futurist, 45(5), 34-38. Funabashi, Y., Kitazawa, K. (2012). Fukushima in review: A complex disaster, a disastrous response. Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists, 68(2), 9-21. doi:10.1177/0096340212440359 European Nuclear Society (2012). Nuclear power plants, world-wide